Resumo Objetivos O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar características pré-operatórias do paciente e da lesão, bem como da imagem que apontaria para uma fratura tipo IV. O presente estudo ajudará a equipe operacional a prever com mais precisão o padrão tipo IV pré-operatório, levando a um melhor aconselhamento dos cuidadores e planejamento da cirurgia, bem como a uma melhor preparação em relação à redução aberta, se tal situação surgir. Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo foi realizado, incluindo pacientes que atendiam os seguintes critérios: 1) idade < 16 anos; 2) fraturas supracondilares Gartland tipos III e IV; e 3) com registros completos. Foram coletados dados demográficos como idade, gênero, lateralidade, modo de lesão, duração hospitalar de lesão, histórico de tentativas anteriores de redução fechada, fratura aberta/fechada, estado neurovascular distal e dados radiográficos como angulação, translação, aposição óssea e cominação de fratura. Resultados A duração hospitalar de lesões e as tentativas anteriores de redução fechada foram os fatores com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as fraturas tipo III e IV (p < 0,05). O diagnóstico de fraturas supracondilares tipo IV foi significativamente mais provável na presença de angulação em valgo de fragmento distal ≥ 17º (odds ratio [OR] = 20,22; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% = 3,45–118,65). A angulação de flexão ≥ 10º (OR = 5,32; IC95% = 0,24–119,88) do fragmento distal previram Gartland tipo IV com sensibilidade de 41% e especificidade de 100%. Conclusão A avaliação pré-operatória de suspeitas de fraturas de Gartland IV pode ajudar o cirurgião operacional a prever tais lesões. Fatores não radiográficos, como o aumento da duração da lesão hospitalar, tentativas de redução previamente fechada e parâmetros radiográficos como valgo e angulação de flexão foram mais propensos a estarem associados a fraturas tipo IV. Nível de evidência III.

Abstract Objectives The present study aims to identify preoperative characteristics of the patient, of the injury, as well as of imaging, which would point towards a type IV fracture. The present study shall help the operating team to predict more accurately the type IV pattern preoperatively, leading to improved counselling of the caregivers, planning of surgery, as well as preparedness regarding open reduction, if such situation arises. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including patients that met the following criteria: 1) age < 16 years old; 2) Gartland type-III and type-IV supracondylar fractures; and 3) with complete records. Demographic data like age, gender, laterality, mode of injury, hospital duration of the injury, history of previous attempts of closed reduction, open/closed fracture, distal neurovascular status, and radiographic data like angulation, translation, osseous apposition and fracture comminution were collected. Results Hospital duration of the injury and previous attempts of closed reduction were the factors that had a statistically significant difference among types III and IV fractures (p < 0.05). A diagnosis of type IV supracondylar fractures was significantly more likely in the presence of valgus angulation of the distal fragment ≥ 17º (odds ratio [OR] = 20.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.45–118.65). Flexion angulation ≥ 10º (OR = 5.32; 95% CI = 0.24–119.88) of the distal fragment predicted Gartland type IV with a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 100%. Conclusion The preoperative evaluation of suspected Gartland IV fractures can help the operating surgeon in predicting such injuries. Nonradiographic factors like increased hospital duration of the injury, attempts at previously closed reduction, and radiographic parameters like valgus and flexion angulation were more likely to be associated with type IV fractures. Level of evidence III.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to develop a xenogenic bubaline diaphragm matrix (BDM) for abdominal hernia repair. A fresh diaphragm was decellularized using aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions (0.5-4% w/v) over a period. Acellularity was confirmed histologically and characterized by Masson’s trichrome staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DNA quantification, agarose gel electrophoresis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The BDM was used for clinical abdominal hernia repair in six cattle. Clinical, hemato-biochemical and antioxidant parameters were evaluated to assess biocompatibility of xenogenic BDM. Histologically, the diaphragm treated with 2% SDS for 48 h showed complete acellularity and orderly arranged collagen fibers. The SEM confirmed preservation of collagen structure and integrity. The DNA content was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in BDM (33.12 ± 5.40 ng/mg) as compared to the native diaphragm (443.96 ± 162.60 ng/mg). DNA extracts from BDM show considerable removal of DNA material, with absence of DNA band in agarose gel. The FTIR spectrum of BDM has shown all characteristic transmittance peaks of bovine skin collagen indicating preserved collagen structure. Six cattle with BDM implant recovered uneventfully and remained sound at least upto 6 months. Hemato-biochemical and antioxidant findings were unremarkable. Bubaline diaphragm matrix shows excellent repair efficiency and biocompatibility for abdominal hernia repair in cattle without complications.

Abstract: This paper presents an integrated framework to generate extractive aspect-based opinion summary from a large volume of free-form text reviews. The framework has three major components: (a) aspect identifier to determine the aspects in a given domain; (b) sentiment polarity detector for computing the sentiment polarity of opinion about an aspect; and (c) summary generator to generate opinion summary. The framework is evaluated on SemEval-2014 dataset and obtains better results than several other approaches.

ABSTRACT The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type necessary optimality conditions are given for the nonsmooth minimax fractional programming problem with inequality and equality constraints. Subsequently, based on the idea of L-invex-infine functions defined in terms of the limiting/Mordukhovich subdifferential of locally Lipschitz functions, we obtain sufficient optimality conditions for the considered nonsmooth minimax fractional programming problem and also we provide an example to justify the existence of sufficient optimality conditions. Furthermore, we propose a parametric type dual problem and explore duality results.

Mandibular fractures are less common in children as compared to adults. The treatment plan in children has to be modified as compared to adults considering the presence of tooth buds and potential disturbances in growth. Use of acrylic splints has been one of the popular techniques in children because of its relatively easy placement and reduced risk of hindrances to growth of jaw. These splints have been traditionally been fixed with the help of cements and circummandibular wires. We describe the use of intravenous cannula stilete instead of traditional bone awl to secure the splint in place.

En comparación con los adultos, las fracturas maxilares son menos frecuentes en niños. El plan de tratamiento en niños ha de modificarse en comparación con los adultos considerando la presencia de los brotes dentales y las posibles alteraciones del crecimiento. La utilización de férulas acrílicas ha sido una de las técnicas populares en niños debido a su facilidad de colocación y a la reducción del riesgo de obstáculos en el crecimiento maxilar. Tradicionalmente estas férulas se han fijado con la ayuda de cemento y una ligadura de alambre circunmaxilar. Describimos el uso de una cánula-estilete intravenoso en lugar del instrumento tradicional usado para fijar la férula.